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- TREE
- lists the contents of a folder by displaying its tree
- structure graphically.
-
- Syntax
- tree [folder] [/[-]A[[:]attribute list]] [/[-]B]
- [/C=creator] [/F] [/[-]L] [/[-]O[[:]ordering list]]
- [/[-]P] [/[-]S] [/T=file type] [/[-]W]
-
- Parameters
- folder
- identifies the folder at the root of the tree. It is a
- folder name possibly preceded by a path and volume spec.
- If you omit folder, TREE lists the contents of the current
- folder.
-
- Switches
- TREE accepts all the switches of the DIR command, although
- /B and /W have no effect. The switch /F, accepted for
- compatibility with DOS, has also no effect.
-
- The options set for DIR through the system variable DIRCMD
- also apply to TREE.
-
- Please refer to the section on DIR for the details.
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- Format of the output
- MacDOS always displays the tree list in ASCII and does not
- implement the switch /A of DOS.
-
- DIR switches
- The MacDOS implementation of TREE supports all the switches
- supported by DIR.
-
- Switches
- By default, MacDOS always displays the files. Therefore,
- the switch /F of DOS does not have any effect.
-
- Notes
- Listing of files
- MacDOS by default lists the files. You can suppress it with
- the switch /A:-F.
-
- Recursive listing
- By default, MacDOS only lists the contents of the current
- folder. To list the contents of subfolders hierarchically,
- use the switch /S.
-
- Examples
- Please refer to the section about the command DIR.
-
- See Also
- DIR
-
-
- TYPE
- displays the content of a text file.
-
- Syntax
- type file [/H | /R]
-
- Parameters
- file
- is the name of the file to be displayed, possibly preceded
- by a volume and path spec. Unless you use one of the
- switches, TYPE only displays files of type 'TEXT'.
-
- Switches
- /H
- displays the data fork of file in HEX and ASCII. Non-
- printing characters are replaced by periods (ie. dots). /H
- is incompatible with /R.
-
- /R
- displays the resource fork of file in HEX and ASCII. Non-
- printing characters are replaced by periods (ie. dots). /R
- is incompatible with /H.
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- DOS does not support the two switches to produce HEX dumps
- of non-text files.
-
- Notes
- Long files
- You can pause the listing by typing a cntl-S and resume it
- with a cntl-Q.
-
- Examples
- type autoexec.bat
- type c:\myDir\aTextFile
- type/h data1 > \myHexDumps\data1.hex
- type aFile.rsrc /r | more
-
- Frequently occurring errors
- E40: Not a file of type 'TEXT'
- Without switches, TYPE can only display text files.
-
- See Also
- MORE
-
-
- VER
- displays the current version of MacDOS.
-
- Syntax
- ver
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- The two implementations are identical.
-
-
- VERIFY
- directs MacDOS to verify that files are written correctly
- when copied.
-
- Syntax
- verify [ ON | OFF ]
-
- Parameters
- [ ON | OFF ]
- VERIFY ON directs MacDOS to verify the correctness of disk-
- write operations when copying. VERIFY OFF disables the
- verification function. Without parameters, VERIFY reports
- the current setting.
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- The two implementations are identical.
-
- Examples
- verify ON
- VERIFY
- verify off
-
-
- VOL
- displays the volume name.
-
- Syntax
- vol [volume]
-
- Parameters
- volume
- is the volume ID. If you omit volume, VOL displays the name
- of the current volume.
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- Serial number
- MacDOS does not display the serial number of the volume.
-
- Write-protection
- MacDOS notifies you if the volume is write-protected.
-
- See Also
- CD, SUBSTVOL
-
-
- WRITE
- writes a line of text to a file opened with OPEN.
-
- Syntax
- write fileID what
-
- Parameters
- fileID
- is the number returned by OPEN. You can close the file with
- the command CLOSE.
-
- what
- is the line of text to be appended to the file. Note that
- the text must be enclosed in double quotes if it contains
- spaces.
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- DOS does not support WRITE.
-
- Notes
- Line termination
- WRITE appends a Carriage Return character (CR) to each line
- of text before storing it into the file.
-
- Examples
- write 3 "You bet!"
- adds to file #3 a line of text containing the string:
- "You bet!".
-
- write %fileID% %aLine%
- adds the text contained in the variable aLine to the
- file whose ID is stored in the variable fileID.
-
- Frequently occurring errors
- E3: File not opened by the user
- You attempted to WRITE a file without OPENing it.
-
- See Also
- OPEN, READ, CLOSE
-
-
- XCOPY
- copies folder contents and whole hierarchies of folders.
-
- Syntax
- xcopy source [destination] [/C=creator] [/D:date] [/E] [/P]
- [/S] [/T=file type] [/V]
-
- Parameters
- source
- is the name of the folder to be copied, possibly preceded
- by a path and volume spec. Hidden files are not copied.
-
- destination
- is the name of an existing folder into which source is to
- be copied, possibly preceded by a path and volume spec. It
- defaults to the current folder. As files and folders cannot
- be copied onto themselves, source and destination must
- specify different folders.
-
- Switches
- /C=creator
- specifies that only files of a particular creator are to be
- copied. Note that no spaces are allowed on either side of
- the equal sign and that the creator string is four
- characters long. Therefore, if a creator includes spaces,
- you must double quote the switch (eg. xcopy \ "/c=ABC "
- copies all the files created by 'ABC ' in the root folder).
- This switch does not apply to folders.
-
- /D:date
- only copies files changed on or after the specified date.
-
- /E
- recursively copies all [sub]folders, even if empty.
-
- /P
- prompts you for confirmation before creating each
- destination file.
-
- /S
- recursively copies subfolders, except if empty.
-
- /T=file type
- specifies that only files of a particular type (eg. TEXT)
- are to be copied. Note that no spaces are allowed on either
- side of the equal sign and that the file type is four
- characters long. Therefore, if a file type includes spaces,
- you must double quote the switch (eg. xcopy \ "/t=ABC "
- copies all the files of type 'ABC ' in the root folder).
- This switch does not apply to folders.
-
- /V
- re-reads destination files to verify that they have been
- copied correctly.
-
- MacDOS vs DOS
- Switches
- MacDOS does not implement /A, /M, and /W, but introduces
- the new switches /C and /T. MacDOS assumes /S when it
- encounters /E, while with DOS the two switches are
- independent.
-
- Destination is a folder
- MacDOS only accepts a folder specification as destination.
-
- Folders replacing files
- When a folder in source has the same name as a file in
- destination, MacDOS deletes the file and then creates the
- folder, thereby effectively replacing a file with a folder.
- Nevertheless, the item identified in the parameter
- destination itself must be a folder.
-
- Folders becoming empty
- With the switch /S (not /E), only non-empty folders are
- copied. Nevertheless, this can result in empty folders in
- the destination tree when /C or /T filters are applied and
- no files in a particular source folder passes them.
-
- Notes
- Aliases
- Aliases are not resolved. Therefore, aliased files and
- folders appear in the destination folder as they appeared
- in the source (ie. as aliases).
-
- Specifying dates
- When you use the switch /D and one or both of the date
- field separators are slashes, enclose the switch in double
- quotes. This is necessary to prevent MacDOS from
- interpreting a date field as a switch.
-
- Examples
- xcopy dir1 dir2
- copies the contents of the folder dir1 into the folder
- dir2. Both dir1 and dir2 are subfolders of the current
- folder.
-
- xcopy/s dir1 a: "/d:93/09/20"
- copies the contents of the folder dir1 to drive A. It
- reproduces the hierarchical structure of dir1 but only
- copies files modified on or after September 20th, 1993.
-
- xcopy/e dir1 dir1Struct /c=mDOS /t=ABCD
- duplicates the hierarchical structure of dir1 in the
- folder dir1Struct. All destination folders remain empty
- because MacDOS (creator 'mDOS') never generates files of
- type 'ABCD'. Any non-existing creator, file-type, or
- combination of them will achieve the same result.
-
- Frequently occurring errors
- E27: File or directory not found
- The source parameter did not identify any file at all or
- one of the folders specified in the path could not be
- found. Note that creator and file type are case sensitive.
- Therefore, /T=text will not find any file of type 'TEXT'.
-
- E28: Bad switch
- Perhaps you failed to specify a creator or file type
- correctly. The equal sign is mandatory and all four
- characters which form the OSType must be provided.
-
- See Also
- COPY
-
-